High Energy Colliders

We consider the high energy advantages, disadvantages and luminosity requirements of hadrons, leptons and photon-photon colliders. Technical problems in obtaining increased energy in each type of machine are presented. The machines relative size are also discussed.Comment: LaTeX, 27 pages, 8 figures (eps, ps). Submitted to the Proceedings of the Princeton's 250th Anniversary Conference on Critical Problems in Physic

Final Focus System for a Muon Collider: A Test Model

The present scenario for a high luminosity 4 TeV on center of mass muon collider requires a beta function =3 mm at the interaction point. We discuss a test model of a basic layout which satisfies the requirements although it is not fully realistic.Comment: 9 pages, uses REVTEX macros. Submitted to the Proceedings of the Symposium on Physics Potential and Development of mu^+-mu^- Colliders, San Francisco, CA. Suppl. of the journal Nuclear Physics

High Luminosity Muon Collider Design

Muon Colliders have unique technical and physics advantages and disadvantages when compared with both hadrons and electron machines. They should be regarded as complementary. Parameters are given of a 4 TeV high luminosity muon-muon collider, and of a 0.5 TeV demonstration machine. We discuss the various systems in such muon collider.Comment: LaTeX 5 pages 4 figure

Future Colliders

The high energy physics advantages, disadvantages and luminosity requirements of hadrons, of leptons and photon-photon colliders are considered. Technical arguments for increased energy in each type of machine are presented. Their relative size, and the implications of size on cost are discussed.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages, 10figure

Increasing U.S. Hard Red Winter Wheat Competitiveness in Latin American Markets

The United States wheat sector leadership in world markets is facing serious challenges. Canada, Australia, Argentina, the European Union (EU), and the Former Soviet Union (FSU) are growing contenders for international wheat markets. Wheat buyers´ concerns about quality specifications and its consistency have intensified without precedents in the last years. The study focuses on identifying the attributes that wheat buyers most value at the moment of purchase. The study will be done in two stages. The first stage will focus in estimating preferences from actual wheat transactions from different grain-sheds in the HRW growing area. The second stage will focus on the demand from Latin American millers and will estimate their attribute preference and elicit willingness to pay. The second stage will start with Mexican millers, given their importance for the HRW exports. A hedonic price model will be used for the first stage. The second part of the study will attempt to elicit miller´s preferences by using a self explicated approach. Expected results are that the "easy-to-measure attributes": test weight, and protein levels; and all functionality characteristics such as bake absorption, farinograph peak time, farinograph stability, alveograph p/l ratio will be the most valued by the wheat customers. We hypothesize that millers will be willing to pay a premium if those attributes are present in desirable levels. The information should provide insight into the efforts being made by wheat marketing agencies and the U.S. Wheat Associates to promote quality-based marketing of wheat to domestic and foreign millers. Discussion may also include the impacts of quality-based marketing on U.S. share of the world wheat market.International Relations/Trade,

Muon Dynamics in a Toroidal Sector Magnet

We present a Hamiltonian formulation of muon dynamics in toroidal sector solenoids (bent solenoids)Comment: format aipproc.cls; aipproc.sty; 7 pages, two figures (*.ps). Submitted to the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Physics Potential and Development of mu-mu Colliders, San Francisco, Dec. 199

The effect of diatomaceous earth in live, attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccine, immune responses, and protection against challenge.

Live virus vaccines are commonly used in poultry production, particularly in broilers. Massive application and generation of a protective local mucosal and humoral immunity with no adverse effects is the main goal for this strategy. Live virus vaccines can be improved by adding adjuvants to boost mucosal innate and adaptive responses. In a previous study we showed that diatomaceous earth (DE) can be used as adjuvant in inactivated vaccines. The aim of this study was to test DE as adjuvant in an Ark-DPI live infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine after ocular or spray application. Titrating the virus alone or after addition of DE showed that DE had no detrimental effect on the vaccine virus. However, adding DE to the vaccine did not induce higher IgG titers in the serum and IgA titers in tears. It also did not affect the frequency of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes/macrophages in the blood and the spleen determined by flow cytometry. In addition, protection generated against IBV homologous challenges, measured by viral load in tears, respiratory signs and histopathology in tracheas, did not vary when DE was present in the vaccine formulation. Finally, we confirmed through our observations that Ark vaccines administered by hatchery spray cabinet elicit weaker immune responses and protection against an IBV homologous challenge compared to the same vaccine delivered via ocular route

Effect of Publicly Released Quality Information for US Hard Red Winter Wheat on Mexican Millers' Welfare

Entities have been providing quality related information to overseas wheat buyers as a response to the increased requests for this information. This study measures the value of information to Mexican millers. The value to Mexican millers is measured by the difference of the flour mill surplus and compensating variation.Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

A la recherche d’un visage pour une esquisse du législateur: le statut de “héritier” spécialement protégé (legitimario d’assistance) dans l’interprétation de la Cour Suprême de la Cuba

El artículo analiza el alcance de los herederos especialmente protegidos, los nuevos legitimarios asistenciales con los que dotó al Derecho de Sucesiones el Código Civil cubano. Las circunstancias que cualifican la condición de legitimario asistencial, son por regla general transitorias, como lo es la minoridad o como lo pueden ser ciertas discapacidades o la situación de dependencia o vulnerabilidad económica. Incluso personas con discapacidad intelectual severa o profunda, pueden depender económicamente de una persona y en un momento dado, cesar esa dependencia por disponer de un patrimonio que en el orden económico le permita tener cubiertas todas sus necesidades.This article discusses the extension of the “specially protected inheritors”: the newly created relief heirs that the Cuban Civil Code established as a part of the inheritance law. The circumstances that allow to qualify a person as a relief heir, are usually transitory, e.g. minority, special abilities and/or economic dependency or vulnerability. Even people with special abilities may depend financially on other person, and in any given moment, such dependence may be ended by having enough assets to cover all of his/her expenses and necessities.L’article traite de la portée des héritiers spécialement protégés, la nouvelle protection des héritiers dans le droit des successions du Code civil cubain. Les circonstances qui qualifient la situation de protection d’héritier, étaient généralement transitoires, comme minorité ou certains handicaps ou l’état de dépendance ou de vulnérabilité économique. Même les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle sévère ou profonde peut être financièrement dépendant d’une personne. Mais la dependence peut cesser, au le moment d’avoir des actifs dans l’ordre économique qui permettent couvrir tous ses besoins

El necesario ajuste entre los límites a los derechos de propiedad intelectual y la protección de las medidas tecnológicas (A propósito de los nuevos artículos 160 y 161, introducidos al Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual española por la Ley 23/2006 de 7 de julio)

El Derecho está constreñido a ofrecer tuición al incesante y vertiginoso discurrir de los acontecimientos que se suscitan en la era electrónica, y no solo acontecimientos extraordinarios, de impacto para la sociedad, sino lo que la propia sociedad cotidianamente produce, de lo cual cabe significar las obras del intelecto humano. Estas nuevas tecnologías han hecho posible el desarrollo del derecho de autor en un entorno digital, viabilizando el acceso de un número cada vez mayor de personas a través de redes y autopistas de información como es internet. Si bien es cierto que esta era digital socializa el conocimiento científico, artístico, cultural, permitiendo que las obras del espíritu humano, lleguen hasta los sitios más recónditos, y para más, en espacios de tiempo sumamente breves, no puede perderse de vista que tal abaratamiento al público, no es sinónimo de gratuidad. Los titulares de derechos de autor podrían ver amenazados la titularidad y disfrute de determinados derechos, sobre todo los que tienen naturaleza patrimonial, si no se ponen cortapisas. Por ello se nos presente el vía crucis de proteger las obras y prestaciones en el entorno digital, a la vez que se implementen nuevas formas de explotación que les permitan rendir frutos a los autores, sin menoscabar en lo absoluto el contenido de los límites impuestos al derecho de autor